YingYangZen Logo
Back to Founders / 返回先贤列表

Zhuangzi
庄子

c. 369 – 286 BCE (Warring States Period)约公元前369–前286年（战国时期）
State of Song (Modern Shangqiu, Henan)宋国蒙邑（今河南商丘）
Major figure of Daoism, emphasized naturalness, equality of things, and transcending worldly constraints.道家哲学代表，强调齐物、逍遥，主张超越命数。
Zhuangzi Portrait

Basic Information
基本信息

Zhuangzi (Master Zhuang) was a highly influential Chinese philosopher who lived during the Warring States period. A central figure in Daoism, his writings, compiled in the book named after him, the Zhuangzi, express a philosophy of skepticism, mysticism, and naturalness (Ziran). He championed concepts like the equality of all things (Qiwu Lun) and carefree wandering (Xiaoyao You), advocating for transcending the artificial distinctions and constraints of human society to live in harmony with the Dao (Way).

庄子（庄周）是战国时期极具影响力的中国哲学家，道家学派的核心人物。其著作《庄子》集中体现了他的思想，包含怀疑主义、神秘主义和自然无为的哲学。他提倡"齐物论"和"逍遥游"等观念，主张超越人世间人为的分别与束缚，与"道"和谐共生。

Major Influences & Legacy
主要影响与历史地位

Cosmology & Philosophical Foundations

宇宙观与哲学基础

  • Equality of Things (Qiwu Lun): Proposed a worldview where all things are equal and destiny is not rigidly fixed.
  • Carefree Wandering (Xiaoyao You): Emphasized spiritual freedom and downplayed the constraints of fate.
  • 齐物论：提出万物平等、命不可执的世界观。
  • 逍遥游：强调精神自由，淡化命运束缚。

Foundation of I Ching Studies & Numerological Arts

易学与术数奠基

  • Deepening Daoist Metaphysics (Xuanxue): Integrated philosophy with symbolic (Xiangshu) thinking.
  • Unification of I Ching Principles and Mind-Nature (Xinxing): Promoted the development of the Mind-Nature school within metaphysics.
  • 道家玄学深化：融合哲学与象数思维。
  • 易理与心性合一：推动命理心性派发展。

Theoretical Source for Chinese Metaphysical Arts (Ming Li Xue)

命理学的理论源泉

  • Destiny Cannot Be Grasped (Ming Bu Ke Zhi): Held a detached and transcendent attitude towards fate.
  • Flowing with Destiny and Wandering Freely (Shunming Er Xiaoyao): Advocated not resisting fate but transforming it through spiritual freedom.
  • 命不可执：对命运持虚无而超脱的态度。
  • 顺命而逍遥：主张不抗命而化命。

Religious Veneration & Deification

宗教与神格化

Revered in Daoism as the "True Man of Southern Hua" (Nanhua Zhenren).

  • Zhuangzi's philosophy became a core spiritual source for Daoism.

道教尊为"南华真人"。

  • 庄子哲学成为道教核心精神源头。

Philosophical Metaphysics & Mind Cultivation

哲理命学与心性修养

  • Foundation of Philosophical Metaphysics: Emphasized the spirit over rigid structures (Geju).
  • Equal Importance of Mind-Nature and Qi-Destiny: Influenced systems of self-cultivation involving both mind and vital energy (Qi).
  • 哲理命学奠基：强调精神胜于格局。
  • 心性与气命并重：影响身心修命体系。

Chain of Influence on Later Figures

后世影响人物链

  • Key Transmission: Ideas of equality of things and flowing with destiny.
  • Key Influenced Figures Chain:
    • Zhang Daoling (张道陵)
    • Ge Hong (葛洪)
    • Chen Tuan (陈抟)
  • Final Outcome: Internalization of metaphysical philosophy, integration of mind cultivation and destiny studies.
  • 关键传承：齐物顺命思想。
  • 受影响的关键人物链：
    • 张道陵
    • 葛洪
    • 陈抟
  • 最终成果：命理哲学内化、修心命学融合。

Famous Quotes
经典名句

"The Great Clod burdens me with form, labors me with life, eases me in old age, and rests me in death. So if I think well of my life, for the same reason I must think well of my death."

"大块载我以形，劳我以生，佚我以老，息我以死。故善吾生者，乃所以善吾死也。"

— Zhuangzi, Chapter 6 (The Great and Venerable Teacher)
— 《庄子·大宗师》

"Flow with whatever may happen and let your mind be free: Stay centered by accepting whatever you are doing. This is the ultimate."

"安时而处顺，哀乐不能入也。"

— Zhuangzi, Chapter 3 (The Secret of Caring for Life)
— 《庄子·养生主》

Summary & Conclusion
总结与评价

Zhuangzi plays a pivotal role in the Chinese intellectual tradition. His influence is profoundly felt in Daoist philosophy, Zen Buddhism, Chinese literature and art, and perspectives on life, freedom, and the nature of reality. His work encourages a detachment from worldly attachments and a return to natural spontaneity.

庄子在中国思想体系中扮演关键角色，其影响深远地体现在易学、哲学、命理与政治制度等多重领域。